Armenia’s relations with Russia are no doubt complex. Yet, Armenia’s stance during the invasion of Ukraine exemplifies the difficult decisions smaller countries must face when stuck between major powers, Vlad Olteanu writes for Euronews.
Armenia has historically held a challenging geopolitical position, sandwiched between the opposing objectives of the West and Russia. With the onset of Moscow’s war in Ukraine, Armenia’s role has evolved into one that leverages its unique relationship with Russia, raising questions about the nation’s use of its position to navigate Western sanctions and bolster its economy.
Despite not being a direct participant in the conflict, Armenia’s economic connections to Russia have become a focal point of criticism, especially regarding the re-exportation of commodities and the facilitation of trade between sanctioned Russian entities and the international market.
Russia reported strong growth in trade between the two countries, noting that it hit $7.4 billion last year and increased 2.5 times in the first half of this year, surpassing $8.3 billion. It is estimated that the trade volume could reach $14-$16 billion by the end of this year if the current pace continues. Thus, Armenia is probably actively engaged in re-exporting Russian gemstones and gold. In 2023, Armenia exported 4.5 million carats worth of diamonds, which is 30 times more than produced in the republic itself.
Armenia elevation to a prominent role in the geopolitical sphere, has indirectly bolstered Russia’s economic resilience under sanctions. While Armenia is focused on advancing its own national interests, this dynamic raises concerns on the undermining of global efforts to isolate Russia. Armenia’s close ties with Russia have not gone unnoticed, though the Western response has remained relatively subdued.
Armenia has traditionally relied on Russia for security and economic support, particularly due to its ongoing tensions with Azerbaijan. However, relations between the two nations have soured in recent years. This strain was further amplified by the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War and the September 2022 clashes with Azerbaijan, where Russia, despite being a nominal mediator, hesitated to intervene decisively in Armenia’s favor.
Russia’s focus on its invasion of Ukraine has left Armenia feeling increasingly isolated. The 2023 Azerbaijani lightning-fast military operation in Nagorno-Karabakh and the subsequent exodus of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians have only deepened Armenia’s disillusionment with Russia.
